- Tekki Shodan (鉄騎初段 Tekki Shodan?, “jinete de hierro, nivel 1) es el primer kata de la serie Tekki del estilo Shotokan de karate. Los Tekki eran los katas principales que se aprendían en las escuelas de Tomari-te y Shuri-te.
- Las raíces de este kata se remontan a Sokon Matsumura, quien lo aprendió de un chino que vivía
en Tomari. De Matsumura lo aprendió Ankō Itosu, quien se cree que cambio el kata original.
Este kata fue tan importante en el "te", "Tui-di" o karate
antiguo, que Kentsu Yabu (un estudiante de Itosu e instructor de artes marciales en la
escuela prefectural de profesores de Okinawa) frecuentemente les decía a sus alumnos:
“Kata wa Naihanchi ni
hajimari, Naihanchi ni owaru”
- El maestro Itosu, cambió el kata antiguo Naifanchi shodan, por ser este excesivamente largo (más de cien movimientos) y lo reorganiza en tres katas más cortas: shodan, nidan y sandan. Este kata sugiere la idea de un combate cuyos adversarios están en los laterales, teniendo la espalda cubierta al suponer que está protegida al estar pegado a un muro o bien por estar en paralelo a un precipicio, lo que dificulta ser atacados por la detrás, siendo su embusen una línea que el adepto recorre de un extremo al otro.
- En su libro de 1922 To-te: Ryūkyū Kenpō (唐手 琉球拳), Gichin Funakoshi llamaba a esta serie de katas Naihanchi (ナイハンチ) y atribuye la forma a lo que él
llamó Shōrei-Ryu (昭霊流)
- El otro nombre como se le conoce es Naihan chin, cuyo significado es: Si consideramos que “chin” significa también batalla y que “naihan” se refiere a los senderos que forman cuadros en los campos de arroz, a unir las dos tenemos “batalla en el campo de arroz” Hemos de tener en cuenta además que el nombre okinawense Naihanchin, lleva la sílaba “chin” en alusión a los puntos vitales, esta sílaba curiosamente aparece en algunos katas: Sanchin, Sochin, Chinte, Chinto, etc. Es curioso que perteneciendo este kata originariamente a la línea Shorei Ryu, se haya transmitido a Shorin Ryu (Shuri te y Tomari te) teniendo en cuenta la rivalidad existente entre estas. Es paradójico el hecho de que hoy en día son katas de la línea Shorin Ryu, y se han extinguido en la línea de Naha te
- Hacia 1936, Gichin Funakoshi empezó a referirse a esta
forma como Kibadachi (騎馬立 / キバ ダチ) o “postura de jinete”, aun usando el nombre
original Naihanchi
He traveled to the Shoalin Temple where he began teaching the monks that resided there. At first they were physically unable to keep up with his teachings, and so Bodhidharma devised a training system to develop the monks both physically and spiritually. The Shaolin Monks became known as the best fighters in China and the system by which they were taught became known as Shaolin boxing. The Shaolin Monks traveled from China to spread the word of Bodhidharma and his fighting system. Zen was readily accepted in Japan.
One of the most devout followers of the Buddhist religion was Sho Shin. His father was King Sho En, ruler of Okinawa, and Sho Shin became King at the age of just 13 in 1477. Due to his devout religious beliefs, on of the first things he did during his reign was to ban all weapons. This ban was continued by the Satsuma clan. Those who studied martial arts now had to do so without any form of weaponry.
In 1609 Japan invaded Okinawa, and further to the ban on weaponry, placed a ban upon anyone doing martial arts, and so martial arts training became shrouded in secrecy.
Over the next 300 years in Okinawa – during the long reigning ban on martial arts – three main branches of self defense became evident. These were Shuri-te, Naha-te and Tomari-te, named after the Okinawan towns within which they developed. They were known collectively as Okinawa-Te or Tode.
Eventually these developed into two mains styles, Shorin-ryu which developed from Shuri and Tomari and Shorei-ryu which came from Naha. It is believed that Shorin-ryu was best for smaller men, with a light and fast style. Shorei-ryu was suited to the bigger, more powerful man.
Gichin Funakoshi was born in 1868 and began studying martial arts at a very young age, under Anko Itosu and Yasutsune Azato. The ban on martial arts still stood, and so Funakoshi would often have lessons with his instructors at night time, so not to be discovered.
Tode, the martial arts of Okinawa could also be pronounced ‘kara’ and Funakoshi gave this the alternative meaning of ‘empty’ and so his training became known as Karate.
The ban on martial arts was finally lifted in 1902 when Shintaro Ogawa, the Commissioner of Education recommended that martial arts should be included in physical education in the first middle school of Okinawa.
This meant that Funakoshi could continue his training in without fear of discovery, and he could now spread the word of his karate.
Funakoshi was invited to Japan in 1922 to give a demonstration of Karate at the First National Athletic Exhibition in Tokyo, which was organized by the Ministry of Education. After this demonstration he decided to remain in Japan to spread the word.
It is thanks to his efforts that Karate became part of the school curriculum in Japan.
The style name Shotokan was given to Funakoshi’s karate by his students. Shoto was Funakoshi’s pen name as a writer, meaning ‘pine waves’ and Kan means ‘school’ so those who trained at Funakoshi’s ‘school’ became known as the Shotokan.
In 1948 Funakoshi established the Japan Karate Association and he remained the head of the JKA until his death in 1957.
Nakayama was a senior student of the JKA and took over the role of head of the Association.
Nakayama began studying Shotokan under Funakoshi Sensei, at Takushoku University in 1932.
Now Nakayama is held responsible for the worldwide development of Shotokan Karate. Nakayama developed a way of logically teaching karate. He decided that it was best to devise a way of teaching different abilities easily. He developed the instructor program and karate’s first ever match system.
It is thanks to Nakayama Sensei that karate is as successful a martial art as it is today. Nakayama Sensei passed away in 1987, at the age of 74
The current Shotokan that we know has developed since through so many great people, and will continue to develop with the help of those teaching today. It will be the current generation of Instructors that will forge the path for future Shotokan Karate. Everyone has an effect. Every time you kiai, a whisper will be heard the other side of the world".
Texto: https://culverkarate.com/?page_id=846
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